紫花风铃木
学名 : Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex DC.) Standl.
英文名 : Purple Tabebuia, Pink Trumpet Tree, Red Lapacho
中文名 : 紫花风铃木
科名 : 紫葳科
本地分布状态 : 外来物种
植物趣闻
原产地 |
分布在墨西哥的西北部至阿根廷的西北部。 |
应用 |
在原产地,紫花风铃木被应用为民族药,治疗各类疾病,当中包括一种名为「脓疮病 (impetigo)」的皮肤病,因此学名中的种尾名被定为「impetiginosa」。 近年香港亦引入了紫花风铃木作为行道树和观赏植物。步入花期姹紫嫣红,树冠被密集的花朵染成紫红色,落花亦在地上铺成紫色的地垫,景色让人目不暇给。 |
生态 |
紫花风铃木的原生境为季节性干旱落叶或半落叶林,故本种具较强的抗旱能力。 当它开花时不妨留意一下它的花朵喉部颜色之变化:初时是鲜明的黄色,提示采蜜的昆虫这朵花有花蜜;后期转为紫红色,跟花冠的颜色相近,告诉昆虫已经没有花蜜了。这块色斑在生物学上称作「蜜源标记」,引领采蜜者到分泌花蜜的位置,同时让采蜜者把该朵花上的花粉带到另一朵花上,以完成授粉过程,是植物的繁殖策略之一。 |
国树 |
本种为南美洲国家巴拉圭的「国树」。 |
辨认特徵
生长习性 |
落叶乔木。 |
高度 |
可达30米。 |
茎 |
主干树皮灰色,近平滑,稍纵裂。 |
叶 |
掌状复叶。小叶5至7片,卵形至椭圆形,上半部边缘或具不规则锯齿。膜质至坚纸质,两面具鳞片,叶底侧脉腋间具毛被。中央小叶较大,侧生小叶渐小,具小叶柄,轮廓有如手掌。冬季落叶,春季开花后再长出新叶。 |
花 |
花瓣合生,管状至漏斗状,五裂,边缘皱曲,外被短柔毛。花冠紫红色,开放初期喉部黄色,后转为橙色至紫红色。 花萼杯状,截平或具5齿,紫红色,密被柔毛。 |
果 |
蒴果长圆柱形,两端渐狭,长度可达半米,无毛,绿色,成熟时深褐色。 |
种子 |
狭椭圆形,具一对透明膜质的翅。 |
花期 |
本港春季。 |
果期 |
紧随花期之后。 |
备註
上述学名根据Tropicos网页:https://www.tropicos.org/name/3700644
其他资料库引用的学名
― 《世界植物线上》:Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos
参考资料
- Beck, O. & Ebling, J. (2019). Pink Trumpet Tree. Species Accounts, Tree Index. University of Redlands. Retrieved 3rd August 2020, from: https://sites.redlands.edu/trees/species-accounts/pinktrumpettree/
- Blaxell, D., Bryant, G., von Bery, G. L., Paddison, V. & Segall, B. (2001). Trees & Shrubs. Global Book Publishing Pty Ltd, Willoughby, Australia. ISBN: 1-7408-007-4.
- Castellanos, J. R. G., Prieto, J. M. & Michael, H. (2009). Red Lapacho (Tabebuia impetiginosa)—A global ethnopharmacological commodity? Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 121(1), 1-13. Retrieved 3rd August 2020, from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874108005631?via%3Dihub
- Costa, S., Lohmann, L. G. & Buril, M. T. (2019). Flora of Pernambuco, Brazil: Tabebuia alliance and tribe Jacarandeae (Bignoniaceae). Biota Neotropica, 19(4), 1-16. Retrieved 13th May 2020, from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-BN-2019-0737
- Embassy of the Republic of Paraguay. (2020). National Symbols. Paraguay. Retrieved 6th August 2020, from: http://www.embapar.jp/en/paraguay/national_symbols/
- Gentry, A. H. (1992). Bignoniaceae: Part II (Tribe Tecomeae). Flora Neotropica, 25(2), 1-370. New York Botanical Garden, New York. ISBN: 0-89327-368-6. Retrieved 18th March 2020, from: http://www.sci.sdsu.edu/plants/chile/pdfs/Gentry1992-Bignoniac.pdf
- Gilman, E. F. & Watson, D. G. (1994). Tabebuia impetiginosa, Purple Tabebuia. Fact Sheet ST-617, a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Retrieved 21st July 2020, from: http://hort.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/tabimpa.pdf
- Gilman, E. F. & Watson, D. G. (2007). Tabebuia impetiginosa, Purple Tabebuia. ENH-775, one of a series of the Environmental Horticulture Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date November 1993. Revised March 2007. Retrieved 21st July 2020, from: https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/st617
- James Cook University Australia. (2020). Tabebuia impetiginosa / T. palmeri = Handroanthus impetiginosus. Plants on Cairns Campus, Plants, Discover Nature at JCU. Retrieved 3rd August 2020, from: https://www.jcu.edu.au/discover-nature-at-jcu/plants/plants-on-cairns-campus/tabebuia-impetiginosa-t.-palmeri-handroanthus-impetiginosus
- Luebeck, W. (1999). The Healing Power of Pau d’Arco (pp. 17–29). Lotus Press.
- National Health Service (NHS). Impetigo. Health A to Z. The NHS website. Retrieved 6th August 2020, from: https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/impetigo/
- Schlindwein, C., Westerkamp, C., Carvalho, A. T. & Milet‐Pinheiro, P. (2014). Visual signalling of nectar‐offering flowers and specific morphological traits favour robust bee pollinators in the mass‐flowering tree Handroanthus impetiginosus (Bignoniaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 176(3), 396-407. Retrieved 6th August 2020, from: https://academic.oup.com/botlinnean/article/176/3/396/2416444
- Staples, G. & Herbst, D. (2005). A Tropical Garden Flora: plants cultivated in the Hawaiian Islands and other tropical places. Bishop Museum Press, Hawai’i. ISBN: 1-58178-039-7.
- The Royal Horticultural Society (RHS). (1992). The New Royal Horticultural Society Dictionary of Gardening. The Macmillan Press Limited, London & The Stockton Press, New York. ISBN: 1-56159-001-0.
- 李先源。(2018)。《观赏植物分类学》。北京:科学出版社。国际标准书号:978-7-03-055580-9。
- 胡秀英植物标本馆。(2020)。〈Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos 风铃木,Factsheet,Taxonomical Archive System〉。《伍絜宜慈善基金香港原生植物资源及教材库》。于2020年7月21日撷取自:https://syhuherbarium.sls.cuhk.edu.hk/collections/factsheet/handroanthus-impetiginosus/
- 胡秀英植物标本馆。(2020)。〈Handroanthus impetiginosus (Mart. ex DC.) Mattos黄钟木属植物,Pro-Factsheet,Taxonomical Archive System〉,《伍絜宜慈善基金香港原生植物资源及教材库》。于2020年7月21日撷取自: https://syhuherbarium.sls.cuhk.edu.hk/collections/factsheet-pro/handroanthus-impetiginosus/
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