金蒲桃
学名 : Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth.
英文名 : Golden Penda
中文名 : 金蒲桃
科名 : 桃金娘科
本地分布状态 : 外来物种
植物趣闻
原产地 |
澳洲东北部的昆士兰。 |
生态 |
原生于昆士兰沿岸的疏林及雨林,是河岸植物,常见于河溪两边。 |
市花 |
金蒲桃是昆士兰沿岸城市凯恩斯的市花。 |
学名由来 |
学名中的属名「Xanthostemon」是指黄色雄蕊,而种尾名「chrysanthus」的含义为「金色的花」。 |
应用 |
金蒲桃是优良的城市树种,能在恶劣的都市环境生存。除了能忍受湿度低、肥力低、酸性、渗透阻力高的土壤,亦能抵受污染及热带地区的高温。此外,金蒲桃是蜜源植物,能为雀鸟及昆虫提供食物,故有利于城市林木的生物多样性。金蒲桃的花璀璨夺目,能美化环境,且花期长达40天;由种子萌芽起2至3年便能开花。因此,金蒲桃被广泛应用为行道树,近年在香港亦颇为常见。 |
辨认特徵
生长习性 |
常绿乔木。 |
高度 |
栽培种可达12米,原生地植株可达40米。 |
茎 |
主干树皮灰色,平滑。 |
叶 |
披针形、倒披针形至椭圆形,叶尖渐尖至急尖,纸质至硬革质,光滑。单叶互生,轮状排列。嫩叶铜红色至亮绿色,后转成深绿色。 |
花 |
金黄色。萼管杯状。花瓣4至5,黄色,卵形至圆形。雄蕊多数,金黄色,排成一轮、伸出花冠,花序排列成半球体,像半个毛毛球。 |
果 |
蒴果,球状,稍压扁,被萼管包围三分之一至一半,成熟时褐色,开裂以弹出种子。 |
花期 |
近乎全年。 |
果期 |
近乎全年。 |
备註
上述学名根据香港植物标本室网页:https://www.herbarium.gov.hk/sc/hk-plant-database/plant-detail/index.html?pType=species&oID=11090
其他资料库引用的学名
― 《世界植物线上》:Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F.Muell.) Benth.
参考资料
- Ahmad Nazarudin, M. R. (2016). Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F. Muell.) Benth.: A New Flowering Tree for Urban Landscapes. International Journal of Agriculture, Forestry and Plantation, 3, 50-54. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: http://ijafp.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/FR-12.pdf
- Ahmad Nazarudin, M. R., Tsan, F. Y., Normaniza, O. & Adzmi, Y. (2014). Growth performance and flowering of Xanthostemon chrysanthus at two urban sites in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 26(3), 428-434. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/264156471_Growth_performance_and_flowering_of_Xanthostemon_chrysanthus_at_two_urban_sites_in_Kuala_Lumpur_Malaysia
- Australian Native Plants Society (Australia) (ANPSA). (2016). Xanthostemon chrysanthus. Gallery. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: http://anpsa.org.au/x-chr.html
- Bentham, G. & Mueller, F. (1866). Flora australiensis: a description of the plants of the Australian territory. Volume III. Lovell Reeve & Co., London. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/41807#page/276/mode/1up
- Cairns Regional Council. (2020). City symbols, About Cairns. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: https://www.cairns.qld.gov.au/region/city-symbols
- Fryer, R. & Newland, J. (2019). Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F.Muell.) Benth. Myrtaceae, North Queensland Plants. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: http://northqueenslandplants.com/Australian%20Plant%20Families%20G-M/Myrtaceae/Xanthostemon/Xanthostemon%20chrysanthus.html
- National Parks Board, Government of Singapore. (2020). Xanthostemon chrysanthus (F.Muell.) Benth. National Parks Flora and Fauna Web. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: https://www.nparks.gov.sg/florafaunaweb/flora/3/2/3200
- Wilson, P. G. (1990). A revision of the genus Xanthostemon (Myrtaceae) in Australia. TELOPEA, Journal of Plant Systematics, 3(4), 451-476. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: http://northqueenslandplants.com/Ozplants/Files/Xanthstemon.pdf
- Zich, F. A., Hyland, B. P. M., Whiffin, T. & Kerrigan, R. A. (2018). Xanthostemon chrysanthus. Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants, Edition 7. Retrieved 11th May 2020, from: http://www.canbr.gov.au/cpbr/cd-keys/RFK7/key/RFK7/Media/Html/entities/Xanthostemon_chrysanthus.htm
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